Anaxamander Essays - Ancient Greek Philosophers, Natural Philosophy

Anaxamander Essays - Ancient Greek Philosophers, Natural Philosophy Anaxamander With his discoveries, Anaxamander of Miletus attempted to bring the realm of the unreal to the world where common man could conceive it. As successor and pupil of Thales of Miletus, Anaxamander worked on the fields of geometry, natural science, and astrology. The culmination of his life attempted to define the indefinite or undetermined. He was the first to discover and apply the theory of the unlimited. For a philosopher of this time period, he had many radical ideas. Anaxamander believed many different things about the position of the Earth. He also published a book, On Nature, which revealed his theories about the evolution of Earth and man. Under the tutelage of Thales, Anaxamander studied numerous things about earth and life. While he did make some contributions to the world of mathematics, his greatest achievements were probably in science and astrology. His most notable accomplishment, however, was the gnomon. The gnomon is the large rod that is erected from the base of the su ndial. This led him to other things, such as the prediction of solstices and equinoxes. His attempts at prediction carried over and allowed him to create maps of both the real and celestial worlds. In addition to his celestial interests, Anaxamander believed that the Earth hung in the middle of the sky and was held there by the pull of objects at either side. Along this line he also believed that the world possessed a cylindrical form. He believed that the Earth was encompassed by a flame, that was broken into pieces in order to generate the sun, moon, and stars. The heavenly bodies, Anaxamander thought, were each a wheel of fire. When holes in the wheel were clogged then an eclipse occurred. The seas upon the earth were the result of leftover primal moisture. Strong winds came through and dried some places, which are now land; what was left became the seas and oceans. Anaxamanders attempt to bring the world of the unknown to reality was the most difficult task that one could encounter. Well-known for his theory of Apeiron, or the unlimited, Anaxamander pursued the changes of the Earth. He basically thought that apeiron compensated for the many changes the Earth undergoes. As a fragment from Anaxamander says, the unlimited is the first principle of things that are. It is that from which the coming-to-be takes place, and it is that to which they return when they perish, by moral necessity, giving satisfaction to one another and making reparation for their injustice, according to the order of time. Coming to be is the separation of opposites and does not involve any change in the natural being of a substance. Anaxamander thought that it was neither water nor any other substance, but it is of entirely different nature than that in which the unlimited exists. He believed that all things existed in some place. Whether they were absent or conspicuous was irrelevant; they still existed. He believed that qualities came into existence, vanished away, only to return again. Anaxamnder took into consideration that there was a storehouse or reservoir from which the qualities that now confront us have separated off and into which, when their contraries come forth in time, they will go back; the process being repeated in reverse, and so on in never-ending cycles. Anaxamander, unlike most philosophers of this time, assessed that the world was created from air, not water. He assumed that everything was created from nothing. This nothing, however, was actually the unknown. The unknown, as Anaxamander defines it, can best be described as the other half of what is. The undetermined is what is not and cannot be seen. Equally as important are water, land, and fire that were created by the density in the air. Each of these three things, as seen from Anaxamanders point of view, were the origin of all the rest of what exists. Water, of course, was the origin of life. From this water, first came fish that would evolve into what is now man. Bibliography Kirk,G.S. and Raven, J.E. The_Presocratic_Philosophers. London: Cambridge University Press, 1957 Wheelwright, Philip. The Presocratics. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1966 15 Oct. 1999. http://viator.ucs.indiana.edu/ancmed./foundations.htm 15 Oct. 1999. http://acnet.pratt.edu/arch5143/help/pre-socratic.html 13 Oct. 1999. hcc.hawaii.edu/instruct/div.sci/sci122/Greek/Greek.html

Free Essays on Quinn

After completing the assessment and viewing Robert Quinn’s â€Å"Completing Values Framework†, it shocked me to find out where I was placed on the circular scale. Up to this point I have always looked at myself working very well with others, while also enjoying being in charge. I saw myself as a good manager yet only in certain aspects, especially interpersonal relationships. This assessment proved that I was right about that, but it also gave me a different view. I had a peak in the â€Å"Human Relations† section, but I also had a larger peak in the â€Å"Rational Goal† section. This almost shocks me, and it also put a bit of a twist on my own view of a perfect job in the future. My ideal job is one in which I am given a particular part of a job working along with one or more people. I have always enjoyed group work, especially if the task is much more challenging than expected. Like I said before, I have always had a good interpersonal relationship with people, especially once talking to them one on one. Having somewhat poor public speaking ability, being able to make acquaintances one-on-one has helped out in friendships a lot. Having taken this test and finding out that I am more of a planning type, surprised me, yet at the same time it’s correct even though I have never viewed myself that way. Internally I wish to be a goal-setter, yet I haven’t had opportunities to express it yet in the workplace. Once given the chance I am sure I will desire to take the lead and run the show with some organization. I find that once I have set myself a goal, I work much harder than normal, and I find it amazing and very self-relieving once I have met my desire. I would love to also involve friends and co-workers in my goals, and as I said before, I would enjoy a job with as much teamwork as possible. I don’t think one person should take in all of the pain or all the glory for the actions done by a group. Along with worki... Free Essays on Quinn Free Essays on Quinn After completing the assessment and viewing Robert Quinn’s â€Å"Completing Values Framework†, it shocked me to find out where I was placed on the circular scale. Up to this point I have always looked at myself working very well with others, while also enjoying being in charge. I saw myself as a good manager yet only in certain aspects, especially interpersonal relationships. This assessment proved that I was right about that, but it also gave me a different view. I had a peak in the â€Å"Human Relations† section, but I also had a larger peak in the â€Å"Rational Goal† section. This almost shocks me, and it also put a bit of a twist on my own view of a perfect job in the future. My ideal job is one in which I am given a particular part of a job working along with one or more people. I have always enjoyed group work, especially if the task is much more challenging than expected. Like I said before, I have always had a good interpersonal relationship with people, especially once talking to them one on one. Having somewhat poor public speaking ability, being able to make acquaintances one-on-one has helped out in friendships a lot. Having taken this test and finding out that I am more of a planning type, surprised me, yet at the same time it’s correct even though I have never viewed myself that way. Internally I wish to be a goal-setter, yet I haven’t had opportunities to express it yet in the workplace. Once given the chance I am sure I will desire to take the lead and run the show with some organization. I find that once I have set myself a goal, I work much harder than normal, and I find it amazing and very self-relieving once I have met my desire. I would love to also involve friends and co-workers in my goals, and as I said before, I would enjoy a job with as much teamwork as possible. I don’t think one person should take in all of the pain or all the glory for the actions done by a group. Along with worki...

How inmates cope with negative factors of prison life Research Paper

How inmates cope with negative factors of prison life - Research Paper Example Here, the convict is kept in isolation from all sources of the external world and all aspects that might have motivated his/here to commit the crime. Going by the unpleasantness seen in the prison life along with its negative social stigma that is associated with incarceration, prison life should serve in the form of a deterrent for any criminal behavior. Prison inmates can face both financial and social problems (Nilsson, 2003, p.59). Psychological symptoms can include prolonged psychosis, severe depression, endless anxiety, and a complete form of social withdrawal. One particular feature associated with prison life is recidivism (Nilsson, 2003, p.60). It has been stated that the group who re-offended faced marginalization ‘marginalization’, i.e., a continued form of social as well as financial exclusion, while the individual who did not re-offend experienced inclusion or ‘normalization’, that provided an improved living conditions and removal from being â €Å"the margins of society† (Nilsson, 2003, p.60). Thus, the thesis statement can be constructed as: Prison inmates develop different form of survival strategies to cope with the harsh conditions of incarceration. Negative impacts in the convicts due to prison life As mentioned earlier there are many psychological, physical and social effects that a life in prison can make on the prisoner. One such feature is the punishment of solitary confinement. The effects of solitary confinement can be understood by the words of Johnny Tremont who was an inmate at New York prison. According to him â€Å"there’s more of a difference between being in solitary confinement and being in general population than there is between being in prison and being in the free world.† In general population, he says, â€Å"you do your programming, go to meals, talk to people, and you can still manage to feel like a human being.† In the Box, â€Å"you’re like an animal in a cage .† (Casella and Ridgeway, 2012, p.20). Further it was stated by Bonnie Kerness, who was the head of the American Friends Service Committee’s Prison Watch Project, â€Å"We call it ‘no-touch torture,’†. â€Å"No one who has ever experienced more than the briefest time in solitary would call it anything else, because it was designed to destroy the mind and break the spirit.† (Casella and Ridgeway, 2012, p.20). This aspect of negative impacts becomes particularly harmful for the aged convicts and the female prisoners. The older inmates usually are found in worse health than the female counterparts who are not convicted as these convicted female individuals are seen to develop health related issues pretty much earlier of their previous lifestyle, the socioeconomic factors and the harshness of the prison environment (Deaton & Aday, 2009, p.53). Co-morbidity is a form of physical condition common among these aging prisoners who develop on an average three types of chronic diseases which can be asthma, emphysema or arthritis (Deaton & Aday, 2009, p.53). Older female inmates require medical attention more than the other inmate groups (Deaton & Aday, 2009, p .53). The older female inmates face difficulty in coping with the harsh prison environment as they have a fragile mental and physical condition (Deaton & Aday, 2009, p.61). Other women are found to be often sad, depressed or respond with crying unconditionally (Deaton & Aday, 2009, p.61).There was many negative sentiments in the female prison